| Abstract: |
| Inverse energy transfer to large-scale coherent structures in idealized geophysical flow models has been a key research focus for over four decades. Extensive knowledge exists regarding inverse transfer in rotating and stratified dry dynamics, characterized by the Rossby number and a single dry Froude number. This study includes water, phase changes, and rainfall in the dynamics, characterized by the Rossby number, two Froude numbers for unsaturated and saturated environments, and a rainfall speed. Using numerical computations with random forcing, inverse transfer of energy is examined in Boussinesq model, incorporating water vapor and liquid water in the limit of asymptotically-fast cloud microphysics. Total energy includes kinetic energy, buoyant potential energies from each phase, and latent moist energy at phase boundaries. The rotation and stratification terms are comparable, such that the evolution of evolution dry equations is dominated by inverse transfer of pseudo potential vorticity. Phase changes and latent heat exchange raise the potential-to-kinetic energy ratio and reduce overall energy transfer to large scales. However, upscale transfer persists, influenced by nonlinear waves near phase interfaces, resulting in coherent updrafts and downdrafts aligned with large-scale phase boundaries. The relationship between coherent updrafts/downdrafts and moist pseudo potential vorticity is also examined. |
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